Login to postgres console

su postgres

psql

$ CREATE DATABASE database_name; 

Remote access postgresql from external client (9.3)

1. Edit pg_hba.conf

vi /etc/postgresql/9.3/main/pg_hba.conf

add

host all all [CLIENT_IP]/24 trust

2. Edit postgresql.conf

vi /etc/postgresql/9.3/main/postgresql.conf

Find 'listen_addresses' and change to

listen_addresses = ‘*’

3. Restart postgresql

sudo service postgresql restart

First setting project with django.

Assume to finish basic setting by http://jeffgukang.blogspot.kr/2014/12/install-virtualenv-with.html

1.

$ workon yourvirtualenv

2. Make Project

django-admin.py startproject yourproject

3. Setup setting.py file.

Make your database. (mysql, postgresql)

su postgres

psql

$ CREATE DATABASE database_name; 

I edited settting.py for PostgreSQL

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
        'NAME': '[_DBNAME_]
        'USER': '[_USERNAME_]',
        'PASSWORD': '[_DBPASSWORD_]',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '',
    }
}

Simple file upload with Model from templates in django 1.7.

 Django page describes how to upload files with form.
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/http/file-uploads/

But if you want to upload file to model from your template, there is the simple way as follows.

1. Set url patch for POST method. 

urls.py

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^add/post/$', 'photo.views.add_post'),
)

2. Model that has file attributes. 

Your model has file attributes.
It can be any fileField including imageField.

model.py

class Photo(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    image_file = models.ImageField() #auto uploded MEDIA foler fllowing settings.py
    filtered_image_file = models.ImageField()
    description = models.TextField(max_length=500, blank=True)
.....

3. Make template form with file input.

Don't forget to write enctype="multipart/form-data" in your form tag.
{% csrf_token %} is for Cross site request forgery

template.html

    <form method="post" action="/add/post/" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <ul>
            <li><label for="description">Description</label></li>
            <li><input type="file" name="file" /></li>
            <li><textarea id="description" name="description"></textarea></li>
            <li><input type="submit" value="Finish" name="submit" /></li>
        </ul>
    </form>

       

   
It looks like

4. File controller for POST method.

view.py will manage POST method from template.
File object will go into request.FILES if you write enctype="multipart/form-data" in your form tag.
And you are able to get the file object through request.FILES['_FILENAME_']

Process of file control is very similar with other languages as C, JAVA.

1. Open temporary file stream with authorization.
2. Write file in stream. 
3. Close.
   
   When you treat model with file.
4. Send file info to model that has file attributes. 
5. Save model.

views.py

def add_post(request):
    message = 'done. '
    if request.method == 'POST' :
         photo = Photo()

        #file upload
        if 'file' in request.FILES :
            file = request.FILES['file']
            filename = file._name

            fp = open( '%s/%s' % (/filefolder/, filename), 'wb')
            for chunk in file.chunks() :
                fp.write(chunk)
            fp.close()
            photo.image_file = request.FILES['file']
            photo.filtered_image_file = request.FILES['file']
            message += 'file uploaded';

    try :
        photo.save()
    except :
        return HttpResponse('Error!!!')

    return HttpResponse('I wrote %s' % message)

Run and check your files and admin site.

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) issue when use POST form in django 1.7

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)

I got a message when I tested to send POST form to server.

Forbidden (403)

CSRF verification failed. Request aborted.

Help

Reason given for failure:

    CSRF token missing or incorrect.
    

In general, this can occur when there is a genuine Cross Site Request Forgery, or when Django's CSRF mechanism has not been used correctly. For POST forms, you need to ensure:

• Your browser is accepting cookies.
• The view function uses RequestContext for the template, instead of Context.
• In the template, there is a {% csrf_token %} template tag inside each POST form that targets an internal URL.
• If you are not using CsrfViewMiddleware, then you must use csrf_protect on any views that use the csrf_token template tag, as well as those that accept the POST data.

You're seeing the help section of this page because you have DEBUG = True in your Django settings file. Change that to False, and only the initial error message will be displayed.
You can customize this page using the CSRF_FAILURE_VIEW setting.

The reasons of CSRF verification fail are as follows.
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/ref/contrib/csrf/#rejected-requests 

By default, a ‘403 Forbidden’ response is sent to the user if an incoming request fails the checks performed by CsrfViewMiddleware. This should usually only be seen when there is a genuine Cross Site Request Forgery, or when, due to a programming error, the CSRF token has not been included with a POST form.

The error page, however, is not very friendly, so you may want to provide your own view for handling this condition. To do this, simply set the CSRF_FAILURE_VIEW setting.

Solution

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/ref/contrib/csrf/#how-to-use-it

1. Add the middelware in your setting.py. (I already have added it.)
   
   MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    ...
       'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', #for csrf
   )
   
   Alternatively, you can use the decorator csrf_protect() on particular views you want to protect (see below).
   
2. Use the csrf_token tag in your any template that uses a POST form.
      
      
   

   
3. Use RequestContext() instead of Context()
   

   def write_form(request) :
       page_title = 'Upload your photo'
       tpl = loader.get_template('write.html')
       # use RequestContext for csrf
       ctx = RequestContext(request, {
               'page_title': page_title,
           })

   
       # ctx = Context({
       #     'page_title': page_title,
       # })
       return HttpResponse(tpl.render(ctx))

 Done


If you have a question how it works, read this.
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/ref/contrib/csrf/#how-it-works

Django tips

Custom urls.py

String literals may optionally be prefixed with a letter 'r' or 'R'; such strings are called raw strings and use different rules for interpreting backslash escape sequences.(https://docs.python.org/2/reference/lexical_analysis.html#strings)

 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/topics/http/urls/
 http://www.webforefront.com/django/regexpdjangourls.html

Static files for image, css

 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/howto/static-files/

Directory of image files(MEDIA_ROOT)

 Your file will be uploaded in MEDIA_ROOT folder that defined in settings.py.

class Photo(models.Model):
    image_file = models.ImageField(upload_to='image')

 Image_file would go into the 'image' subdirectory of MEDIA_ROOT

  Example

  setting.py

....
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'  #HTTP
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static_files')

  urls.py

...
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

   model.spy

class Photo(models.Model):
    image_file = models.ImageField(upload_to='image')

   Your image file will be saved in ..../static_files/image/ . (setting.py, models.py)

   You can see your image file below address. (urls.py)
   http://ADDRESS/media/IMAGE_FILE

Get next model or previous model 

models.py

...
class Photo(models.Model):
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, auto_now=False)

view.py

...
def single_photo( request, photo_id) :
    photo = get_object_or_404(Photo, pk=photo_id)
    preveous_entry = photo.get_previous_by_created_at()
    next_entry = photo.get_next_by_created_at()

Get all objects or using specific filter

Photo.objects.all().order_by()[start_pos:end_pos]



 Apply to Templates.


settings.py

...
TEMPLATE_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates'), ] #must be tuple
...

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from django.http import HttpResponse
from .models import Photo #photo.models
from django.template import Context, loader

def single_photo( request, photo_id) :
    photo = get_object_or_404(Photo, pk=photo_id)
    preveous_entry = photo.get_previous_by_created_at()
    next_entry = photo.get_next_by_created_at()   
    tpl = loader.get_template('photo.html')
    ctx = Context({
            'image2_url' : photo.filtered_image_file.url,
            'prev_entry': preveous_entry,
            'next_entry': next_entry,
            'prev_id': preveous_entry.id,
            'next_id': next_entry.id,
        })
    return HttpResponse(tpl.render(ctx))

photo.html

       
• {{prev_id}}번 글

        {% endif %}

        {% if next_entry %}
       
• {{next_id}}번 글

        {% endif %}
   

url.py

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^photo/(?P\d+)$', 'photo.views.single_photo', name = 'view_single_photo'),
)

Django nginx, gunicorn

django nginx, gunicorn

Install virtualenv with virtualenvwrapper for python3.4 and django1.7 on Linux(ubuntu).

Virtual Environment(virtualenv) make easy to manage various environment for development.
It can create environment for each different version of python.

Install virtualenv.

$ sudo pip install virtualenv

Install virtualenvwrapper for easy control.

$ pip install virtualenvwrapper

Make virtualenv home directory.

$ mkdir ~/.virtualenvs

Setup for shell.

Write directory for work in ~/.bashrc

export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs   
export PROJECT_HOME=$HOME/[YOUR_WORKSPACE]

For execute virtualenvwrapper. (in ~/.bashrc)

source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

Apply.

$ source ~/.bashrc

Check.

$ echo $WORKON_HOME

Make virtualenv for python3. (Assume python3.4 was installed.)

$ mkvirtualenv --python=/usr/bin/python3 [ENV_NAME]

It will make virtualenv in your WORKON_HOME directory.
Check.

$ echo $WORKON_HOME

$ ls $WORKON_HOME

$ workon

Check your python version.

$ python --version

Install django on your virtual env (1.7)

Go into your virtual env.

$ workon [ENV_NAME]

Install django.

$ pip install django

Basic command for management.

Check your virtualenv projects.

workon

Go into virtualenv.

workon [ENV_NAME]

Deactivate from virtualenv.

deactivate